What is hard skill
What is hard skill. May 28, 2024 · Some soft skills are more difficult to improve than hard skills, but both can get better with experience and practice. Hard skills can help you secure job offers and increase your chances of employment. Soft skills, sometimes called personal skills, are everyday qualities required in most professions, such as teamwork and communication. Hard skills are often mastered through education or specific training. Hard skills are specific to each job and are often the basis of job requirements. A big part of a project manager’s job is interfacing between a client or stakeholder’s expectations and the reality of what a team can deliver. Jul 25, 2024 · Hard skills. Jun 14, 2024 · Hard skills can help your resume make it into the hands of the hiring manager. For example, if you’re an accountant, tax preparation is a hard skill and so is mastery of Intuit QuickBooks. Nov 27, 2021 · What are hard skills? Hard skills specific competencies, knowledge, and abilities required to perform particular tasks or roles. There is an ongoing debate about the relative importance of soft and hard skills that imply a competition between the two. — What Are Soft Skills? Soft skills are personal skills or creative abilities that can Apr 17, 2023 · To do so requires a set of project management skills that consists of personality traits, soft skills and technical or hard skills. Soft skills are more qualitative and help you build relationships with patients and colleagues. The hard skills definition varies by industry, but essentially, hard skills are technical skills you’ve picked up through schooling, training, or past work experience. May 16, 2022 · Hard skills are job-specific, technical abilities that can be measured, while soft skills are character traits that show a person’s ability to work in a team. Include hard skills in the skills Apr 27, 2023 · Hard skills typically include both technical skills like software programs, coding languages, or search engine optimization, and task-oriented skills like forecasting, budgeting, or recruiting, Liou says. They’re usually measurable and are developed through education, training, and hands-on experience. Relevant technical skills. For instance, if your employer is looking for someone skilled in computer programming, a certificate or program can be pointed to. They include competencies like how to use a certain machine, software or other tool. Get a list of hard and soft skills, then dive into examples of how 14 Asana team members use hard and soft skills in the workplace. Hard skills, also known as technical skills are those project management skills that can be learned through education or training. The latter are interpersonal skills intrinsic to an individual’s character, or, if you like, the skills we are born with. It involves both understanding and proficiency in such specific activity that involves methods, processes, procedures, or techniques. You need to know how to conduct yourself in the kitchen to keep yourself, the kitchen and the food you work with safe, clean and sanitised. List your hard skills Aug 13, 2024 · The top skills your employees need from 2023 and onward to help your business excel. Project planning. Hard skills definition . Effective communication is essential to build strong relationships with colleagues, clients and Aug 15, 2024 · Related: 9 Key Time Management Skills and How To Improve Them 7. Jun 12, 2024 · If hard skills are the base of your career pizza, soft skills are all the delicious toppings (and yes, that includes pineapple). Both hard skills and soft skills are important when applying for a job. Technical skills are a subset of hard skills and refer to skills related to technology or a specific area of expertise. Some are hyper-specific to certain industries, though. Mar 25, 2024 · What are hard skills? Hard skills are the practical know-how needed to complete a specific task. To improve on your hard skills, you can go back to school or take classes. Hard skills vs. Aug 28, 2024 · Hard skills vs. They are quantifiable and are often learned in school, through certifications, or in previous work experience. Aug 24, 2023 · Hard skills are important because they determine whether you will be capable of effectively performing tasks, completing projects, and excelling in your role. Soft skills are different from hard skills, which are technical and job-specific. Jan 31, 2024 · Whether you’re just learning about hard and soft skills or you want to figure out which skill to develop next, this article is for you. Technical skills can range from learning a foreign language to forecasting analysis to predict the stock market. soft skills Hard skills refer to technical knowledge and training, while soft skills describe personal and behavioural traits such as communication skills and leadership. They are job-specific and are typically listed in job postings and job descriptions. Some are job-specific skills, while others are transferable skills. Impact on hiring: Because hard skills are measurable, they can help employers more easily assess whether someone is well suited for a specific role. Aug 23, 2024 · What are hard skills? Hard skills are specialised abilities needed for particular tasks or jobs. Defining hard skills vs. Apr 28, 2024 · Here’s a look at the essential soft skills that companies value the most. Knowing how to write JavaScript, run an autoclave, or draw blood from a patient are hard skills. Software developers, for example, have a set of hard skills that would include specific programming languages. Soft skills are not usually included on the resume because they need a more detailed explanation. Hard skills may refer to theoretical knowledge and practical abilities needed to use various tools or equipment. Your hard skills are your technical skills, relating to the types of tasks you know how to do. Since copywriting consists of writing a variety of different content types—including marketing materials, digital and print content—professionals in this career must have exceptional writing Sep 12, 2023 · The hard skills relevant for the application should appear on your resume as they can be easily listed: Typically these are subject-specific skills, language skills, software skills, knowledge of programming languages, design, or customer consulting. Even though one skill may be more apparent than the other in certain contexts, neglecting one can lead to a skills gap that may hamper productivity and efficiency. Aug 22, 2024 · In other words, hard skills refer to technical skills while soft skills apply to work habits. com, Hard Skills vs. Budget management. The specific hard skills required for a job vary by industry. While soft skills (such as empathy, motivation, and leadership) govern the interpersonal aspects of a job role, hard skills are the technical abilities required for that role. Soft Skills: What's the Difference? Aug 1, 2023 · If there's a hard skill that you're not familiar with and it's deemed optional by the employer, it is still possible you could get the position. This way, you can learn the hard skills that are currently required by a majority of employers. Hard skills can be acquired by earning a degree, completing on-the-job training, or taking Jul 25, 2023 · Hard skills are the skills that are needed to perform job-specific tasks and duties. A designer's hard skills would be knowledge of graphic design software, but it would be knowledge of drafting software for an architect. Apr 27, 2022 · Hard Skills Defined . However, they can also directly influence your salary, career path, and earning potential. [8] Mar 20, 2023 · Hard skills are specific, teachable abilities that are required to perform a job effectively. soft skills The key differences between hard skills and soft skills are how they are gained and put to use in the workplace. How to gain new skills. Research and data collection Some data entry roles require inputting information into a database and collecting or researching the information. Learn what hard skills are, why you need them, and how to improve and showcase them on your resume, cover letter, and interviews. Hard Skills vs. You may want to note which knowledge and skills you possess already and what areas you could learn more through training, certifications or hands-on experience. Job performance. Employers look for candidates with soft skills as these skills are important for long-term success. Workplace skills are broadly thought to fall into two categories: Soft skills, and hard skills. For example, speaking a second language is a hard skill, while having good conflict resolution abilities would be classified as a soft skill. How Are Hard Skills Different From Soft Skills? Both soft skills and hard skills are necessary to excel in the workplace. There are two basic types of skillsets that a job seeker can have and include on their resume: hard skills or soft skills. They’re measurable strengths and proof that you’re dedicated to learning new skills . These might also be referred to as skills (hard) and qualities (soft). They show that you have the expertise needed to perform the job well. With a bit of perseverance and practice, you can gain new hard skills and improve your prospects for the future. soft skills. — What Are Hard Skills? Hard skills are technical abilities that are specific to a particular job and are often measurable. Jun 29, 2023 · There are virtually endless examples of hard skills. Having the right hard Apr 11, 2024 · Hard skills help employers determine if you are able to perform the job. Aug 26, 2024 · Hard skills are the quantifiable skills that workers need to successfully perform a specific job. To be a human, you need more. The hard skills for a nurse and a chef are very different, but nurses and chefs could both apply the same soft skills to be successful in their individual careers. ” If you do include a skills section on your resume, you can use the same section to list both hard and soft skills. The goal is to offer hard skills training that is relevant, engaging, and supportive of the types of hard skills your employees need to do their job. soft skills Jun 17, 2024 · What is the difference between hard skills vs. Communication. Soft skills, on the other hand, refer to workplace skills and represent how you approach your work. May 21, 2024 · Hard skill lebih mudah untuk diukur secara kuantitatif dibandingkan soft skill. Unlike soft skills (referring to interpersonal skills or the way you execute work), hard skills are technical. May 7, 2024 · Hard skills can mostly be quantified, measured, defined, or evaluated in some way. Here’s a list of hard skills to consider: Aug 27, 2024 · What Are Hard Skills? Hard skills are job-specific abilities that you can gain through education, professional development, courses, or on-the-job training. Untuk hard skill Adobe Photoshop, misalnya, dapat diukur melalui ujian sertifikasi resmi dari Adobe itu sendiri. Delegating. Jul 28, 2023 · Hard skills can be defined and quantified whereas soft skills are hard to quantify. Hard skills (also known as technical skills) are techniques or knowledge you learn at school or through on-the-job training. Hard skills are categorized into Oct 28, 2020 · Hard skills are skills that learn and develop through education, training, on-the-job experience, and other hands-on learning scenarios. Normally, you can acquire hard skills in the classroom, in an online course, through books and other materials, or on the job. Some industries are more hard-skills focused than others, for example, IT, engineering, and science. com Aug 22, 2024 · Hard skills are technical skills required for a job, such as computer software knowledge, data analysis, or foreign languages. Examples of hard skills Aug 15, 2024 · Soft skills describe how we relate to our environment and the people around us. Hard skills can be learned through education or on the job while soft skills non-technical skills that are used to describe how you work with others. They complement each other, and a balance of both is often necessary for a well-rounded professional profile. Truly, the best way to train employees is not to pit soft skills vs. Let’s get into it! 1. Jan 23, 2024 · Now, let’s dig deeper and learn all the intricacies of hard skills and soft skills: 1. Hard skills are usually teachable while soft skills are much more difficult to develop, as they're typically personality traits. This definition only scratches the surface when examining finance's role in business. Hard skills are measurable and can usually be learned through education or on-the-job training. “An MBA teaches you the hard and soft skills you need in business,” Schierholtz says. They include the technical skills required to accomplish specific tasks, and the expertise necessary for an individual to successfully do a job. Ketika mau melamar sebuah pekerjaan, kita pasti mencantumkan hard skill dan soft skill yang kita miliki di CV agar perekrut tahu bahwa kita memenuhi requirements yang diberikan oleh mereka. However, they are both necessary and . Apr 3, 2024 · Hard skill dan soft skill sepertinya bukan istilah yang asing lagi bagi sebagian orang, terutama bagi para fresh graduate, pencari kerja, atau pekerja. In this article, we'll go over hard vs. While soft skills require daily practise, hard skills demand consistent training and a growth mindset. The structured formula is an acronym called STAR — situation, task, action, result. Hard skills are learnable skills that enable individuals to perform job-specific tasks, or that may be required for a specific job. "You're going to see a critical eye [from employers], especially on the technical piece, on the ability to do the job. Developing hard skills can be challenging, but it is not impossible. Soft Skills: “Hard skills are technical knowledge or training that you have gained through any life experience, including in your career or education. Feb 1, 2024 · Here’s an example of a resume skills section that includes a good mix of soft skills and hard skills: Just remember, you shouldn’t go overboard with soft skills in this section. Essentially, if it’s something you can learn and can prove your expertise in, it’s probably a hard skill. May 31, 2021 · Thể hiện kỹ năng cứng (Hard skills) thông qua việc: Chuẩn bị kiến thức liên quan đến kỹ năng công việc để cho các công hỏi mang tính chuyên môn Làm bài test mang tính chuyên môn một cách hiệu quả Aug 10, 2023 · Technical Skills These "hard" skills are common in the IT industry. Get to Know SEO. Synonyms for hard skills include aptitudes, competence, expertise, mastery, proficiency, savvy, skill, chops, know-how and moxie. Both skill types are essential for advancement in the vast majority of careers. Apr 27, 2023 · Everything you need to know about hard skills—including what hard skills are most in demand for 2023, how to add them to your resume, and how to improve them. What are hard skills? Hard skills are skills you can be specifically trained for. Hard skills are broader and usually include technical skills. Aug 10, 2020 · 6 Hard Skills Marketers Need. Meanwhile, soft skills are personal qualities that influence your approach to problems, creativity, and ability to work with others . Jun 7, 2022 · Finance skills are often associated with industry-specific positions, such as accountants and finance managers. Practical research and collection skills are just as crucial as typing and organizational skills for those jobs. Negotiation. Apr 13, 2016 · The hard skills required in project management are multiple and diverse, from technical abilities, such as proficiency in project planning software, to skills related to project execution such as budget management, risk assessment, quality assurance methodologies, and scheduling techniques. Soft Skills 15 professionals skills Here are 15 types of soft skills that can help further your professional career: Aug 18, 2024 · Read more: 21 Soft Skills for Leadership Success Hard skills Hard skills are those that professionals can formally learn and then demonstrate their mastery of by performing concrete tasks. Mar 25, 2021 · Indeed. May 31, 2024 · Hard skills vs. This Feb 8, 2024 · Skill of the moment is measured by the difference in the demand of a given skill in a recent six-month period (May 1 to October 31, 2023) and the same six months in the previous year (May 1 to Nov 1, 2022 · Other skills, referred to as “soft skills,” may not be as applicable in your first role after graduation but will set you apart as a leader, manager, and decision-maker as advancement opportunities arise. In this article, we'll further compare hard and soft skills and discuss how to leverage both to further your career. พนักงาน เปรียบเสมือนกับมดงานตัวน้อยๆ ที่เติมเต็มให้อนาจักรมดเปี่ยมไปด้วยความสมบูรณ์ องค์กรก็ไม่ Feb 19, 2024 · As these are job-specific skills, hard skills vary from occupation to occupation. Hard skills enable you to perform your job effectively and efficiently. Typically, you'll learn hard skills in the classroom, through books or other training materials, or on the job. This worried me, as I saw myself as more of a people person than an academic. Let’s make one thing clear: you need both soft and hard skills to succeed in any career. This list is in no particular order. Jan 31, 2024 · Get a list of hard and soft skills, then dive into examples of how 14 Asana team members use hard and soft skills in the workplace. Hard Feb 6, 2024 · Since hard skills are measurable, having achievements laced with relevant hard skills in this part of your resume is a must. Jun 17, 2024 · What Are Hard Skills? Hard skills are teachable abilities or skill sets that are easily measurable. Hard skills, including technical skills, are essential for career success because they’re required to perform the tasks needed to do a job Jan 25, 2021 · Negotiation. Jun 3, 2024 · Hard skills are job-specific abilities or knowledge learned through education, hands-on experience, or training. Writing. hard skills but to develop both in tandem. | Source. Dec 16, 2020 · Hard skills refer to skills that are acquired through technical training, knowledge, education, and practice. Without hard skills, you would not know how to perform a specific job. What are hard skills? Hard skills are skills you can be specifically trained Jul 3, 2024 · What Are Hard Skills? Hard skills are teachable abilities or skill sets that are easy to quantify. Hard skills are defined and measurable abilities like the knowledge of foreign languages, coding, etc. Feb 16, 2022 · What are Hard Skills? Hard skills are taught skills. Include these skills on your resume. They are learned abilities that can be quantified and validated by education, experience, or certification. soft skills? Hard skills refer to the essential knowledge that you need for your profession. Dec 1, 2023 · Hard skills refer to technical skills, and represent the specialized knowledge you bring to particular roles. Recruiters look for hard skills on your resume to gauge how well you may perform job duties. Here are some ways to improve your skills: Practice You can improve soft skills and hard skills with practice. Highlighting both skill sets on your resume is a winning formula when it comes to finding work and advancing your career. Mar 15, 2024 · Expert insights: cybersecurity skills. "A person may have knowledge and ability, but it The difference between hard skills and soft skills Employee profiles are made up of what we call hard skills, the abilities that can be learned and demonstrated, and those known as soft skills . Jul 18, 2024 · Employers seek candidates who can contribute immediately to their organization. 1. These hard skills are often listed in your cover letter and on your resume and are easy for an employer or recruiter to recognize. Show me a marketer who ignores SEO and I’ll show you their haphazard results. Hard skills are the skills or abilities for a resume that are easily quantifiable…that can be learned through classroom work, apprenticeships, or other forms of learning. Employers can measure candidates' hard skills by observing your work, reviewing credentials, asking technical questions and giving tests. soft skills on a resume Employers are looking to hire employees who have the right mix of two different types of skills: soft skills and hard skills. They often include technical skills, such as knowledge of a software or tool. These are more traditional skills—in fact, when you think of workplace skills, you’re likely thinking of hard skills. Aug 15, 2024 · Soft skills relate to how you interact with other people, such as communication skills and teamwork. For instance, jobs like electricians and physicians require technical expertise. It can help to think about hard skills as your technical skills and soft skills as your workplace or human skills. If all I had were hard skills like SEO writing, I'd basically be a robot—and in the age of AI, we have plenty of hard-skill-only robots to go around. Hard Dec 16, 2020 · Use the following steps to include hard skills on your resume: Decide which hard skills to include. Decide which you need to work on by looking at the skills mentioned in job postings you find appealing. Soft Skills on a Resume. Jan 25, 2021 · अगर आप Hard Skills और Soft Skills के बीच के अंतर को स्पष्ट रूप में समझना चाहते हो तो इसके लिए आपको Hard Skills and Soft Skills के उपयोग को समझना होगा. Hard skills are part of the skill set that is required for a job. Dec 22, 2023 · “If hard skills are a race car, soft skills are the driver," said Scott Greenberg, business keynote speaker and leadership coach, in an email. May 28, 2024 · Hard skills are technical skills that concern your ability to do something, while soft skills are non-quantifiable skills that concern how you do things. Look at the job listing and note any hard skills specifically mentioned. Project Management Hard Skills. What are hard skills? Hard skills are the technical skills and knowledge acquired through education, experience, or training. Since hard skills will likely capture a hiring manager’s attention, upskilling or re-skilling based on your industry’s standards is a great way to stay competitive. Employers often test or evaluate a candidate's hard skills before hiring. While you may have several hard skills, they may not all be relevant to the job you’re applying for. These skills can be acquired through education, training, and professional development. Organization. Hard skills are your technical abilities that relate to equipment, tools, software, and formal processes. Typically technical in nature (though not always), hard skills are easily measurable and objectively assessed. Most jobs require multiple skills, and likewise, some skills will be more useful for certain professions than others. For example, a nurse learns how to administer a vaccine, or a waiter takes customer orders according to a restaurant’s special method. Apr 21, 2022 · Hard skills vs soft skills: a summary. . How to train for both hard skills and soft skills. May 17, 2024 · If, for example, you are an engineer, your hard skills can include testing, equations and performing mathematical calculations. Technical writing; Social media management; Coding; Network configuration; Hardware deployment; Operating system Jun 14, 2022 · Specifically, hard skills are measurable abilities by which employees perform uncommon technical tasks. See full list on indeed. Planning, problem solving, budgeting, scheduling, risk May 19, 2023 · The term "hard skills" doesn't refer to the difficulty of the skills to learn – it's hard in the sense that contrasts with the "soft" in soft skills. Use bullet points that begin with a verb – to show action – and contain an achievement and at least one to two hard skills. Hard Skills, also known as technical skills for a culinary career, include the following areas: you need to learn how to cook professionally and master various culinary skills. Database structure Jun 27, 2023 · 5 hard skill examples worth learning. The great news is that hard skills and soft skills can be learned. In the context of education and teaching, hard skills refer to the technical and subject-specific competencies that teachers must possess to impart knowledge to their students. In other words, each position in every company will require a unique hard skills list. However, both hard skills and soft skills can be crucial for success. What are hard skills? Hard skills are specific abilities, capabilities and skill sets that an individual can possess and demonstrate in a measured way. 8. It is common for industries and professions to highlight the hard skills needed to handle a job in the job description for the role. Learn what hard skills are, how they differ from soft skills, and how to list them on your resume with 50+ examples. Hard skills describe what you do, while soft skills describe how you do it. For example, carpentry is a hard skill that someone learns through education and most likely an apprenticeship. The most effective method to showcase hard and soft skills during a job interview is to substantiate their statement by sharing stories of past experiences where one previously conducted a specific hard or soft skill during a certain situation. Providing an evidence of your hard skills is fairly easier when compared to evidence of your soft skills. It's a good idea to keep reading different job descriptions related to your career. Sep 24, 2018 · Soft skills versus hard skills. Aug 23, 2023 · However, the importance of hard skills may vary depending on the specific profession. Examples of hard skills include accounting strategies, computer programming, and plumbing techniques. Soft Skills. Jul 29, 2024 · What are hard skills? Hard skills are typically learned through education, training or on-the-job experience, and refer to the knowledge and capabilities required to perform a job. For example, being able to cut hair is a hard skill for hairstylists and running an X-ray machine is a hard skill for a radiologist. The skills section of a resume is more suitable for listing technical skills that are difficult to naturally work into other parts of your resume. Your resume should include 10-30 skills, with a combination of soft and hard skills. Having a strong understanding of hard and soft skills allows healthcare professionals to reach their career goals and make a difference in Jun 23, 2023 · The hard skill in this sentence is project management, and it’s leveraged by the soft skills of problem-solving, team building, and time management. Sedangkan soft skill seperti komunikasi atau negosiasi, tidak bisa diukur melalui ujian melainkan hanya bisa dinilai secara kualitatif. But, as I transitioned into college and the workplace, I found that soft skills are just as important, if not more important, than hard skills Why hard skills and soft skills are both important; How to develop hard skills and soft skills; Where to find hard skills and soft skills in a job description; How to feature hard skills and soft skills on a resume and in an interview; As you read through this article, you’re already demonstrating a key soft skill: the willingness to learn! Sep 27, 2022 · 13 ทักษะ Soft Skills & Hard Skills ทักษะที่องค์กรต้องการ. Find more similar words at wordhippo “Technical skills” and “hard skills” are often used to mean the same, but there is a slight difference in meaning. Prioritization and goal setting. Hard skills, also called technical skills, are job-specific, relevant to each position and seniority level. Some examples of technical skills are data analysis, computer programming, writing, and UX design. Every job requires hard skills that are industry-specific and usually form the basis for the job requirements. It’s easier to attach an outcome to hard skills than to soft skills,” says Wheatman. We also need leadership and management roles, that are aware of the kind of cyber threats and the liabilities around them," said Steve May 1, 2023 · Leadership skills, which come ninth in the top skills for 2023 and 11th for skills growing in importance, will be the focus of four in 10 corporate skills strategies. Recruiters will look for hard skills in a resume to gauge how well a candidate will be able to perform the core components of the job. Aug 15, 2024 · Skills can also be measured, and levels determined by skill tests. Related: Hard Skills vs. With that in mind, have a look at how many of the following soft and hard skills your business already has onboard and which you’ll need to focus on to boost your future talent. These skills are typically specific to a particular job; for example, if you’re an accountant, you’ll need to have hard skills in accounting such as mathematics and financial modeling. By contrast, hard skills refer to more technical or specialized knowledge related to a specific job or industry. Apr 22, 2024 · Hard skills are the things you know how to do, while soft skills are the characteristics of your approach. Dec 1, 2023 · Hard skills vs. Soft skills What is a hard skill? Hard skills are proficiencies that are acquired through training or conscious learning. Related: 3 Best Resume Formats in 2019 With Examples Example of skills There are several skill categories that you might decide to develop. It’s a great way to save on space while sharing a well-rounded picture of Despite their name, hard skills don’t have to be difficult to master. Oct 19, 2020 · Hard skills are skills that are necessary to perform a specific job, such as data analysis, computer skills, or marketing skills. May 31, 2023 · Hard skills are more quantifiable and allow healthcare professionals do their jobs effectively and efficiently. soft skills and discuss how to leverage both to further your career. Many employers are looking for qualified candidates who have both technical and workplace skills. 2. [7] These skills are easily quantifiable unlike soft skills, which are related to one's personality. Finance skills are soft and hard skills that enable stakeholders to manage and navigate financial decision-making and problem-solving. Jul 1, 2024 · Copywriting skills are hard and soft skills that writers who create advertisements and other written content possess to be successful at their jobs. We define hard skills as the technical abilities that fit the job. Try to have your technical skills account for at least half of your skills section. Hard skills, also called technical skills, are any skills relating to a specific task or situation. Instead, "hard" means concrete: tangible and measurable . EduPristine, Hard vs Soft Skills: Hard: Skills that can be taught or skills that are easy to quantify. Jun 4, 2022 · Hard Skills vs. Learn how to find, highlight, and use hard skills to boost your job search and stand out from other candidates. Upskilling workers in leadership is reported to be a particular priority in the automotive and aerospace and infrastructure industries. Jun 3, 2024 · Your resume should include a skills section that highlights your most valuable technical skills relevant to the position you're applying to. Sep 7, 2021 · Hard skills seemed to be the ones that everyone wanted, and soft skills were just personality traits that were nice to have. “On a resume, it's great because you can attach [hard skills] to something specific, like let's say you built a model and you can attach the outcome to that. In project management, hard skills are the most Hard skills are job-orientated, such as negotiation for a sales job or budgeting for finance roles. wyst pnunkb ryg bxzh bvmqwhm ynilovw iipc nhzboi hvsvtq mizjn